What concept suggests that states derive authority from the consent of the governed?

The concept that states derive authority from the consent of the governed is known as Social Contract Theory. This theory posits that individuals come together to form societies and governments through implicit or explicit agreements, sacrificing some of their freedoms in exchange for protection and the benefits of collective living.

In essence, the legitimacy of governmental power lies in its acceptance by the governed; if those in power fail to protect the rights and interests of the people, the social contract suggests that citizens have the right to withdraw their consent and alter or abolish the governing body. This foundational idea is central to modern democratic principles, emphasizing individual rights and the accountability of leaders to the people.

This contrasts with other theories mentioned: Divine Right claims authority is derived from a higher power, suggesting rulers are chosen by God. Force Theory argues that legitimacy comes through dominance and coercion, while Evolutionary Theory suggests that governance evolves naturally from familial and tribal systems. Each of these alternative theories lacks the foundational belief in consent that is central to Social Contract Theory.