What is the primary characteristic of a confederal system?

A confederal system is primarily characterized by the maintenance of independence among the states, which delegate only limited powers to a central authority. In this type of system, the states or regions create a union for specific purposes, such as defense or trade, but retain ultimate authority and sovereignty over their own affairs.

The relationship in a confederal system is such that the central government is relatively weak and depends on the states for its powers. This setup contrasts with a federal system, where power is shared and the central government possesses significant authority over the states. The limited delegation of powers means that states have the autonomy to make decisions independently unless they have agreed to cede certain powers to the central government for collective purposes. This foundational characteristic defines confederation and sets it apart from other governmental structures.