What principle was established by the Marbury v. Madison case?

The principle of judicial review was established by the Marbury v. Madison case. This landmark decision in 1803, delivered by Chief Justice John Marshall, asserted that it is the judiciary's role to interpret the law and to determine the constitutionality of legislative and executive actions. This case set the precedent that if a law or action is found to be in conflict with the Constitution, it is the duty of the courts to invalidate it.

Judicial review empowers the Supreme Court and other courts to oversee and limit the powers of the legislative and executive branches, ensuring that no law or governmental action can contravene the principles set forth in the Constitution. This establishes a fundamental mechanism for maintaining the rule of law within the United States government, ensuring that all branches operate within their constitutional boundaries.