Which entity receives powers not specifically enumerated in the Constitution?

The entity that receives powers not specifically enumerated in the Constitution is the states. This is primarily derived from the Tenth Amendment, which states that powers not delegated to the federal government nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states or to the people. This amendment underscores the principle of federalism, allowing states to retain a significant degree of authority and autonomy. Therefore, powers such as those related to education, transportation, and local law enforcement can vary from state to state, reflecting the local needs and preferences of their populations.

In contrast, the federal government is granted specific powers enumerated in the Constitution, while Congress and the Supreme Court operate under the authority and limitations set forth by that same Constitution. These entities focus on those powers explicitly given to them, rather than exercising the broader powers retained by the states.