Which principle allows for a division of power between national and state governments?

The principle that allows for a division of power between national and state governments is federalism. This system is designed to create a structure of governance in which power is shared and divided, allowing both levels of government to operate independently within their respective spheres of authority. In a federal system, national governments possess certain exclusive powers, while states retain other powers. This division helps ensure that no single entity has complete control, promoting a balance that can cater to the varying needs of different regions while maintaining national unity.

The other principles mentioned, such as popular sovereignty, limited government, and checks and balances, serve different roles in the framework of governance. Popular sovereignty emphasizes the idea that government derives its authority from the consent of the governed. Limited government refers to the restrictions placed on governmental power to protect individual rights. Checks and balances ensure that each branch of government has the ability to limit the powers of the others, preventing any one branch from becoming too powerful. These concepts complement federalism but do not establish the division of power between national and state authorities.